Trademarks and how they relate to the sustainability and economic outcomes of social startups

Prior research shows that trademarks positively relate to startups' growth and survival. However, empirical evidence on the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs), especially trademarks, development social hybrid outcomes is limited. Our study aims fill this gap by investigating how early trademarking relates sustainability economic startups. Based a sample 485 startups from Germany, we find register trademark within first three years their existence have both significantly higher outcomes. Additionally, identify geographical scope differently results contribute emerging literature startups’ role achieve IPR lacks an understanding importance for sustainable entrepreneurship. We provide several practical implications startups, investors, policy-makers.